Jennifer Garner made waves in Hollywood last fall by pointing out the world's double standard in expecting moms to take a larger role in the family than dads do. But is she saying more should be expected of men, or less should be expected of women? If you read the full speech and notice her humorous but jaded take on the questions posed to her husband, you might be inclined to think with me that Garner objects not to the low standards her husband gets by with, but the very high standard still set for mothers.
I'm not sure why this even made the news. Feminism and its basic tenets have been broadcast by the media at a deafening volume for oh, the last fifty years. Is there a single person still in doubt as to where Hollywood and the media elite stand on issues of the family? And yet we are still having this conversation--because godly men and women just don't buy it.
We Think We're Feminists, But We're Not
The funny thing about feminism and Mormons is that even though we reject some of the more outrageous demands made by the movement, such as abortion, we believe in our hearts that feminism has done us some good. Heck, if you had asked me a few months ago about it, I probably would have told you that I was a feminist. This comes from a basic misunderstanding of the origins and aims of the movement, since I was born into a world that only told one side of the story. And this confusion about feminism is harmful, especially if it’s never even addressed--because it leads us to allow harmful attitudes and mores to permeate and damage our families.
Feminism is typically divided into three main eras, or waves. First wave feminists never even really identified themselves as anything but suffragettes, but since feminists like to claim that victory, let them have it. Second wave feminism, which started in the sixties, focused primarily on social and economic equality for women. Third wave feminism, which started in the nineties, is usually described as a backlash against some of the more egregious errors of its predecessor, but is so wide in its scope and includes so many varying viewpoints--women under this umbrella come down on opposite sides on such issues as prostitution and pornography-- that it barely qualifies as a movement. In this paper, I focus primarily on second wave feminism, which is the root of so many of our problems.
So forget about what possible gains feminism may have given us for just a few minutes; ask yourself what we have lost either directly or indirectly because of the feminist movement.
What do you come up with?
Perhaps your first thought is that feminism has decimated a generation of relationships by driving a wedge between husbands and wives. Feminism encourages women to think of themselves as victims of male domination, and to focus almost exclusively on self-fulfillment as a method of getting back what they've been denied for so long. They are taught to use every means to subvert and castigate the men in their lives. As Gloria Steinem famously said, "A woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle." This negative attitude toward men has become so entrenched in American culture that it is taken for granted that men are unnecessary--both in the lives of women and in the lives of their children. It's not surprising that in this atmosphere marriages have declined and divorces increased in the past fifty years--rather, it's surprising that any survive.
But maybe you weren't thinking about men suffering. Maybe you were thinking of what the kids have lost. Obviously, a feminist culture that condones and even promotes premarital sex produces a lot of children born out of wedlock; and a culture that glorifies and encourages divorce means that even kids whose parents were married have no guarantee of knowing their dads. Studies show that kids who don't live with their biological dads are at unbelievably higher risk for problems with poverty, physical and emotional health, incarceration, crime, teen pregnancy, child abuse, drug and alcohol abuse, education, and childhood obesity. And they’re not just missing out on their fathers--many children are missing out on their mothers, too, since mothers have flown the coop. Third-rate day care takes its toll, and so does too much time at home without a parent.
So the men suffer. And the children suffer. But at least feminism has helped and empowered women. Right?
Wrong.
“Despite the evidence that feminism has been a failure, women still think they identify with its basic premise. Even conservative women believe the mass exodus of mothers from the home has been the "consequence of the great feminist revolution that stormed the barricades of the patriarchy and won a glorious victory.”
This never happened.
The most important factor that influenced the significant shift of American women into the workplace is the invention of laborsaving devices. The folks to whom women are truly indebted are inventors Thomas Edison (electric lights), Elias Howe (the sewing machine), Clarence Birdseye (the process for frozen foods), and Henry Ford (the automobile). Technology and the mechanization of housework—such as the washing machine, dryer, dishwasher, and vacuum cleaner—allowed women to turn their attention away from household duties.
The birth control pill was another factor. Americans love to associate “the Pill” with feminism; but it, along with machines of convenience, was invented before the 1960s—by men. It was the contributions of men that gave women the time to work outside the home in record numbers. Women should be thanking “the men who came before us”—not feminists.
Moreover, the Great Depression forced women to seek employment when the men in their families could not get jobs. During World War II, women in large numbers began to fill jobs for which men were unavailable. The Equal Pay act of 1963 was also helpful. It abolished wage disparity based on sex. None of these factors—America’s inventors, the Great Depression, World War II, and the Equal Pay Act—have anything to do with feminism. Dishesh D’Souza, the conservative author and president of King’s College in New York City, called the notion that feminism is responsible for the freedoms women have today “a lovely fairy tale.”
--Suzanne Venker and Phyllis Schlafly, The Flipside of Feminism, page 53
Hmm. So the one and only thing I thought feminism had done right, it has stolen the credit for. Women already had the freedom to work outside the home before the feminist movement came along--they did not need a feminist badge or picket line to create opportunities for themselves. Great women such as Amelia Earhart, Harriett Tubman, Marie Curie, Liz Taylor, Susan B. Anthony, and Louisa May Alcott, Mary Cassatt, and Helen Keller were using their time and talents to inspire and bless the world decades before the feminist movement gave them permission to do so. Did the workplace role out the red carpet for them? Perhaps not. But these powerhouses of women seemed to gain strength, if anything, from the obstacles they tackled.
The fact that most women stayed home while raising families illustrates not the closed nature of the workplace, but the order of priorities most women had. Feminism didn’t give us the ability to leave the home. What feminism did do was to indoctrinate a generation of women with the notion that financial dependence on men was submission to male oppression, and to denigrate the titles of wife and mother.
Women have not been empowered by the feminist movement, but enslaved. We used to have one role to fill; now we have two. And it’s stressing us out. Now, according to The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness, published by The American Economic Journal, “The lives of women in the United States have improved over the past 35 years by many objective measures, yet we show that measures of subjective well-being indicate that women’s happiness has declined both absolutely and relative to men.”
The Atlantic highlights the fact that our new-found “power” has not really liberated women:
And it's not just single women who are feeling the pressure to be in two places at once. For a comical but beautifully honest take on the modern woman's angst, we can thank Jennifer Garner herself. She plays a loving mother torn between work demands and the needs of her family in "Alexander and the Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Day." Strangely, even though this woman's character is supported by a loving husband who is willing to stay home while she pursues her career--and he does a great job of being a "fommy"--she feels both guilty and jealous about missing out on the daily trials and joys of her family. She is so conflicted that, up to the last minute we're not sure if she'll choose to continue her hectic pace--but she does. The situation today is not, as Edin likes to say, a "feminist nirvana." The phenomenon of children being born to unmarried parents "has spread to barrios and trailer parks and rural areas and small towns," Edin says, and it is creeping up the class ladder. After staying steady for a while, the portion of American children born to unmarried parents jumped to 40 percent in the past few years. Many of their mothers are struggling financially; the most successful are working and going to school and hustling to feed the children, and then falling asleep in the elevator of the community college.
"The End of Men" from The Atlantic
Feminism has hurt men. Feminism has hurt children. And feminism has especially hurt women.
I recently listened to an interview with Patricia and Jefferey R. Holland in which they discussed the early days of the feminist movement--which they lived through when they were at Yale together. Patricia commented on how, even in the sixties, it was easy to see that this cultural shift would be harmful to families, and especially to children. I was especially struck by Elder Holland's comments:
I think the model was wrong. What seemed to be the talk was..."how does a woman get out of the home, so to speak, or maybe even out of marriage...' When I think that that model should have been turned 180 degrees then, to 'what do we do to guarantee that men stay in the home? Or that men contribute in the home?'
I'm all for shared workload. We can do the dishes together, we can do the laundry together, and we can pay the bills together and figure out what the income tax is together. But it seems to me that just to think of ways to get away from family and away from home was exactly, diametrically opposite to the model we should have been pursuing, and that is, in such times, how do you keep fighting to stay in the home? Including a husband, including a father. That he does not just blissfully walk out the door and take his little briefcase and go off and never have another thought all day...about the greatest responsibility he has and that is to be a husband and a father... I think all the forces that spin us centrifugally away from the home, we have to fight that, and have those forces reversed as best we can, and have that circle coming back into the home.And this brings me to the reason I've felt moved to write about this. Sitting in General Conference this April I was inspired when Sister Bonnie Oscarson echoed Elder Holland's sentiments:
We need to take a term which is sometimes spoken of with derision and elevate it. It is the term homemaker. All of us--women, men, youth, and children, single or married--can work at being homemakers. We should "make our homes" places of order, refuge, holiness, and safety. Our homes should be places where the Spirit of the Lord is felt in rich abundance and where the scriptures and the gospel are studied, taught and lived. What a difference it would make in the world if all people sould see themselves as makers o righteous homes. Let us defend the home as a place which is second only to the temple in holiness.Feminism laughs at our traditional roles of mother and wife, and then it demands that we pay homage to it for "liberating" us from the work and commitments that can give us the most joy. Well, I'm sorry but this is one former feminist who now calls herself by a new name: I am a homemaker.
(I hope you'll come back next week, when I'll be addressing some of the negative effects the feminist movement still has in LDS homes--and how we can combat them!)
11 comments:
So true... So should I start a "masculinist" movement and fight for my right to be at home with the children? After all... What is more truly masculine than being a loving father? The world would say "a lot of things"... like big pecs, super-hero-like fighting skills, fast cars, positions of worldly power, loads of cash, secular knowledge and expertise, and an entourage of women... Sounds like I'm describing the latest Avengers movie or the next Fast and Furious sequel...
Isn't it ironic that the feminist movement and the worlds idea of masculinity BOTH push men AND women further away from what makes them truly male and female, masculine and feminine... being a mother and a father... a husband and wife... Filling different but EQUAL roles aimed at the SAME purpose... Making a home.
The odd thing to me is that even Hollywood seems to still perpetuate some vestiges of true feminine and masculine roles and even, however cursory it may be, acknowledge that these roles in the family are the best source of happiness... But then... You realize the only reason they are showing you what happiness is... Is so they can exaggerate its costs and pitch them as flaws.... And then try to sell you pleasure instead of happiness attempting to convince you it is a flawless way of living with no costs (at least for you).. only rewards
It's like the Kirby salesman that has you bring out your own vacuum first... Just to try to show you however good yours may be... Theirs is BETTER... After all wouldn't you be even MORE impressed with the Kirby picking up additional dirt if yours did an awesome job up first?
It's like the ONLY reason they pull out "the family" is so they can say "sure that may be good... But we can do BETTER"... You can have a family AND be a Super hero with explosive arrows and big pecs (dad).... Or... You can have a family AND be a high powered executive (mom)
Except you don't find out until AFTER you both try to do both things at the same time that it's your family always pays the price... Not the other things
Just like they don't tell you that the Kirby cost $8,000 until AFTER the presentation... and you end up paying for it the rest of your life... And what do you do then?... You don't say "I'm a moron and that sales guys was a scoundrel"... You say "I'm a genius for INVESTING in this because my old thing was a piece of junk"
Unfortunately the cost for investing in the worlds model of pleasure with all its gadgets and accessories that I don't need is too high... And fortunately I realize that my simple model of happiness in the family works perfectly and already come with a eternal warranty backed by God himself... So don't let the Kirby salesman in... Just have your kids sweep the floor more often
Great thoughts, Jonathan. The media is constantly twisting the family into something negative, and I think even those of us who think we reject the message can get dragged down by it. I love the Kirby salesman analogy. So many times we don't realize we've been taken for a ride until it is far too late. I am so grateful for the guidance provided by the Proclamation on the Family! As far as a masculist movement, which was suggested by my brother on reading this post, too, I would join it. Actually, wouldn't it be great if all of us feminists and masulists could just be humanists? Because I think, deep down, we all want what's best for our daughters AND our sons.
That quote by Elder Holland, I don't remember hearing that but it resonates with something I felt strongly while reading The Story of the World. I read about the invention of the factory and I wanted to be a Luddite! If only they had succeeded! I was shocked when I considered how much that one change did to destroy the family, by taking each family member away from home, one at a time, starting with the fathers. I wish we could bring everyone back home.
Kristen and I often joke about her being a feminist because she's aggressive and defensive when it comes to what she deserves as a woman and as a person. But she's always right! The things she wants for herself (such as personal time, regular exercise, earning an income, winning a certain number of arguments, going out with her friends, help from me with raising our children and cleaning our house) are things that make her a happier person, strengthen our family, and help us both be better spouses and parents. The type of feminism the world celebrates is so limited and false in comparison, as you point out. We know the well of happiness offered by popular opinion is poisoned, and yet we find ourselves wondering why we don't visit it. I think a key to finding joy is learning to question our assumptions. When I'm unhappy it is often because I'm assuming the world is right about my decisions, and I am wrong. Assuming a worldly perspective is often necessary, because we live in the world, we interact with friends in the world, we work and learn in the world. But that perspective loses all relevance in moments of self evaluation or in seeking happiness.
I am with you, Sarah. I wish we could bring everyone back home. It seems that so much of the heartache--SO MUCH--in this world comes from what did or didn't happen at home. I am so grateful for home builders like my parents!
Spence, I've said it before and I'll say it again: you have a treasure of a women there. I've been thinking about your phrase, "joking about being a feminist." It's sad to me that the word and even the idea of female power has been so poisoned that it has become a joke in more conservative circles like ours. You talked to me earlier about LDS women taking back feminism, and that's kind of where I've always operated from. But recently I've begun feeling that to brand myself that way would be to miss out on something even bigger. I don't know. Lots to think about here.
This is such a good post. Feminism definitely gets way too much credit for things it hasn't done. I agree in my life and our culture, feminism has been credited with things that should always be part of a healthy marriage and a healthy woman's life, like those things Spencer cited in his comment: regular exercise, time with friends, personal time, help from husband with the house and family, and (I might add) the opportunities to stretch and use her brain and potential without being confined by narrow-minded ideas about what a woman can or cannot do. I once had a Bishop assure me that I could do anything I wanted in this world; that I could be a CEO for a major organization or anything I could aspire to. And then he assured me that my great talents were not wasted, but best used, as a wife and mother. At the time, I kind of thought, "Duh". But that has stuck with me, and I think all women need to know that about themselves and embrace it.
An email from Google+ gave me a link this page, so that's how I got here. Anyway, I think it is more useful to see feminism as a branching tree rather than waves. For instance, I agree with Christina Hoff Sommers and her view of feminism taxonomy. I'm in favor of almost everything "equity feminism" and totally disagree with "gender feminism." I think this distinction would be apt for your arguments, also.
Brilliant post with great insights. I grew up a feminist and was taught that men were more of a hindrance than help. Since finding the Gospel my eyes have been opened and now I am all about advocating respect for men, which the world has lost. We need men and women in families. They are both part of the plan and both crucial. The Gospel teaches the best kind of equality in relationships, how we both have necessary complimentary roles to perform that ensure the happiness and security of our families. Those who believe otherwise will always struggle to find happiness, as seen with my own family.
Thanks for the comment, Andrew. I think you might enjoy a blog post I read just this morning that talks about the difference between egalitarian feminism and maternal feminism, which I think might be what you're referring to. If I had to classify myself as a feminist, I think I'd reach for maternal feminism, which is an older and more traditional view of women as forces for good in the world.
Sue, I love your succinct and perfect insight: the gospel teaches the best kind of equality in relationships. You just summed up my three thousand words in ten.
OH! The blog post I referred you to, Andrew:
http://www.womeninthescriptures.com/2015/06/the-reason-you-love-jane-austen-and-i.html
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